Which of the following is a component of atrial fibrillation management?

• A. Rate-control therapy
• B. Vasopressor therapy
• C. Renin inhibitors
• D. Diuretic therapy

Answer: (A)

Rate-control therapy is a primary approach in atrial fibrillation management because the rapid ventricular response seen with AF reduces diastolic filling and cardiac output. By slowing AV nodal conduction, these medications—such as beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, or digoxin—lower the heart rate, improve ventricular filling, relieve symptoms, and help prevent tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. This approach is typically the first step in patients with a rapid ventricular response, stabilizing hemodynamics while considering rhythm control or anticoagulation as needed. Vasopressor therapy is used to treat hypotension or shock, not to control the AF rhythm. Renin inhibitors and diuretics do not directly address the rhythm management of AF, though diuretics may be used for volume management in heart failure.