Which of the following is a listed cause of GI obstruction?

• A. Adhesions
• B. Hernias
• C. Adhesions, hernias, tumors, and ulcers
• D. Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer: (C)

When assessing GI obstruction, think of factors that physically block or narrow the intestinal lumen. The classic listed causes include adhesions from prior surgery, hernias that trap loops of bowel, tumors that obstruct the lumen or compress the bowel, and ulcers that heal with scar tissue causing strictures. This range covers the main mechanical ways an obstruction can occur, so a choice that includes all of these factors is the best answer. In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder with altered motility rather than a true blockage, so it does not cause a mechanical obstruction.